A pilonidal cyst is an abnormal, often painful cyst located in the intergluteal cleft or "pilonidal dimple" between the buttocks, at a reasonable distance from the anus. It can fill with pus, hair, and other skin fragments. A pilonidal cyst is a type of skin condition that occurs within the intergluteal cleft. This cyst is caused by hair follicles and dead skin entering the subcutaneous tissue, where it causes inflammation. If it does not ignite, it can move to a filled cyst or abscess. It most commonly affects young adults, especially men aged 15-30. It may be genetically inherited, but it is more associated with lifestyle, hygiene, and sitting time. It occurs in 26 to 41 per 100,000 individuals per year.
- Painful area in the lower back, often accompanied by swelling and inflammation
- Red or inflamed affected area
- Purulent occasionally pus, blood, or both in the shoulder area
- Unpleasant odor from the skin opening if an abscess has occurred
- Fever if the infection has spread (in some cases)
In diagnostics, imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI may be used if a more detailed image of the abscess or infection is needed.
- Nonsurgical treatment - conservative methods such as warm compresses, antibiotics, or hair removal from the area.
- Surgical treatment:
- Drainage of the abscess or complete removal of the cyst and subsequent skin reconstruction
- S.M.I.L.E. method (Subcutaneous Minimally Invasive Laser Excision): it is a minimally invasive procedure where pathogenic tissues are pulled out through the skin with minimal incision using laser technology. The method is less invasive and has several advantages:
- Smaller incision and minimal scar
- Shorter recovery time
- Less pain after surgery
- Lower risk of complications
- Quick return to normal life
Basic information
- After surgery, 1-2 days of rest are usually recommended, after which gentle wound care can begin
- It is essential to follow hygiene measures, change sterile dressings, and avoid contamination
- Limit sitting for the first few days
- Return to normal life and work is usually after 1-2 weeks depending on professional activity and recovery speed
- Regular check-ups with a doctor to prevent recurrence or complications